It’s finally here. The first round of the NCAA Tournament, affectionately dubbed as “March Madness” will begin on Thursday, March 20th. 

The 86th annual edition of the tournament will see the usual suspects try and win the national championship. But what truly makes the tournament special is how often we see smaller schools and underdogs make incredible runs, which is what really causes the “madness.” These underdogs are often called “Cinderella” teams, with fans trying to pick them out each year ahead of the tournament. 

But what characteristics make up a Cinderella? And are there similarities among all the past ones?

FOX Sports Research dove into the data and identified several traits that comprise a Cinderella. First, we’ve highlighted a few notable Cinderella teams in recent memory to set up our analysis. Let’s take a look: 

Notable runs over the past 15 years

All of the teams below made it to at least the Elite Eight, and were double-digit seeds in the tournament:

2024 NC State (11 seed)

It’s not often you see a team go 9-11 in conference play, and then go on to make the tournament— let alone go dancing all the way to the Final Four. But that’s just what the 2023-24 NC State team did, only making the field of 64 because they somehow won the ACC Tournament. For perspective, the Wolfpack were 50-1 to win the conference tourney, taking down the pre-tournament favorite Tar Heels in the final. They took down a 6-seed in Texas Tech in the opening round and went on to beat (14) Oakland, (2) Marquette, and (4) Duke before losing to (10) Purdue in the Final Four. 

2022 Saint Peter’s (15 seed)

There might not be a more magical run than this 2022 Saint Peter’s squad, which miraculously became the first 15-seed ever to make the Elite Eight. After winning the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference Tournament, the Peacocks opened the dance with a huge upset win over second-seeded Kentucky. John Calipari entered that game 19-1 all-time in the Round of 64. After defeating the Wildcats, Saint Peter’s took down (7) Murray State and (3) Purdue before losing to (8) North Carolina.  

2021 UCLA (11 seed)

UCLA, a Cinderella? In the 2021 season, they absolutely were. The Bruins barely made the tournament, entering the field as a First Four participant after going 22-10 in the regular season. After beating Michigan State in overtime in that game, Mick Cronin & Co. would go on to rattle off four straight wins against (6) BYU, (14) Abilene Christian, (2) Alabama in overtime, and (1) Michigan before losing to Gonzaga on a half-court buzzer-beater by Jalen Suggs. Had that shot not gone, they would have been the first team to make the national title game after starting the tournament in the First Four.

2018 Loyola Chicago (11 seed)

No one can forget the Ramblers‘ run in 2018. After winning the Missouri Valley Conference Tournament, Porter Moser led a talented group all the way to the Final Four. In the first round, they took down (6) Miami and subsequently beat (3) Tennessee, (7) Nevada and 9 (Kansas State) before losing to (3) Michigan in the semifinals. They’d finish the season with a 32-6 record and go on to make the Sweet 16 in 2021. Loyola Chicago and Wichita State are the only Missouri Valley schools to have ever made the Final Four.                    

2014 Dayton (11 seed)

The Flyers didn’t even win the Atlantic 10 Tournament in 2014, but still qualified for the tournament as an 11 seed. Archie Miller would take them all the way to the Elite Eight, opening up the tournament with a victory over (6) Ohio State. In the next round, they took down (3) Syracuse in a two-point barn-burner before eventually beating (10) Stanford in the Sweet 16. They’d lose to (1) Florida by ten points, but are still just the sixth Atlantic 10 school to make the Elite Eight since 1985 (Temple, UMass, Rhode Island, Saint Joseph’s, Xavier)— as well as the most recent. 

2011 VCU (11 seed)

Before 2024 UCLA, there was 2011 VCU. Despite losing to Old Dominion in the championship game of the Colonial Athletic Association Tournament, VCU made the big dance as a First Four team. This was also the first year in which the round was introduced, and VCU took advantage of it— going all the way to the Final Four after defeating (11) USC for one of the four final spots in the tournament. They’d go on to take down (6) Georgetown in the opening round, followed by (3) Purdue, (10) Florida State and (1) Kansas— before ultimately losing to (8) Butler in the semifinals. They are one of two CAA teams to make the Final Four, along with 2006 George Mason.

The Dynamic Duo

Cinderella’s are always led by a pair of players who shift into a different gear in tournament play. From Jason Richards and Steph Curry for Davidson in 2008 to Bryce Drew and Zoran Viskovic for Valparaiso in 1998, a dynamic duo has become a common theme among teams to make a Cinderella run. Below, we’ve listed the duo for each of the six teams we mentioned earlier, along with their statistical averages in each respective NCAA Tournament appearance. While some of the numbers might seem low for a few players, keep in mind that all of these individuals played between four and six games— as everyone on the list made it to at least the Elite Eight. 

• DJ Burns Jr. (2024 NC State): 16.2 PPG, 4.2 RPG, 3.6 APG, 63% FG PCT
• DJ Horne (2024 NC State): 17.2 PPG, 5.4 RPG, 2.4 APG
• Daryl Banks (2022 Saint Peter’s): 13.5 PPG, 2.5 RPG, 39% 3-pt FG PCT
• Doug Edert (2022 Saint Peter’s): 11.3 PPG, 3.5 RPG, 40% 3-pt FG PCT
• Johnny Juzang (2021 UCLA): 22.8 PPG, 4.0 RPG, 51 % FG PCT, 38% 3-pt FG PCT
• Jaime Jaquez Jr. (2021 UCLA): 15.0 PPG, 6.3 RPG, 3.0 APG, 1.5 SPG, 45% 3-pt FG PCT
• Clayton Custer (2018 Loyola Chicago): 12.2 PPG, 3.2 APG, 56% FG PCT, 53% 3-pt FG PCT
• Cameron Krutwig (2018 Loyola Chicago): 10.4 PPG, 4.8 RPG, 58% FG PCT
• Dyshawn Pierre (2014 Dayton): 12.5 PPG, 5.0 RPG, 2.5 APG, 52% FG PCT, 56% 3-pt FG PCT
• Devin Oliver (2014 Dayton): 10.5 PPG, 6.8 RPG, 2.0 APG, 1.0 SPG, 43% 3-pt FG PCT
• Jamie Skeen (2011 VCU): 17.5 PPG, 6.7 RPG, 55% 3-pt FG PCT
• Bradford Burgess (2011 VCU): 15.7 PPG, 7.0 RPG, 2.3 APG, 1.7 SPG, 1.2 BPG, 59% 3-pt FG PCT

How conference tournament play factors in

Momentum and getting hot at the right time always plays a factor in Cinderella runs during March Madness, which is why how a team performed in its conference tournament is so important. Of the six teams mentioned above, half of them won the conference championship and four of them at least made the title game. Furthermore, since 2005— there have 19 teams to be a double-digit seed in the NCAA Tournament, not play in a major conference (Power 5, Big East) and make the Sweet 16. Of those 19 teams, a whopping 13 of them won their conference championship and that number jumps to 16 when including teams that lost in the final (2006 George Mason, 2013 La Salle, 2014 Dayton lone teams to make Sweet 16 outside of this criteria). Conference tournaments serve as a strong indicator for tournament success in general, as no team ever has lost its first conference tournament game and then won a national title— along with 14 of the past 26 national champions having won their conference tournament.

What KenPom says

KenPom has been a widely used and respected source for college basketball analytics, using metrics to analyze a team’s performance on the court. For example, 22 of the last 23 national champions have ranked in the top 21 of KenPom’s adjusted offensive efficiency (AOE) metric with 20 of those 23 also ranking in the top 31 of its adjusted defensive efficiency (ADE) metric (using pre-tournament KenPom data). All of the last 23 national champions ranked in the top 25 of KenPom’s adjusted efficiency margin (AEM), which factors in both metrics along with other statistical categories. Since 2001, which is also as far back as KenPom pre-tournament data goes— there have been 25 teams to make the Sweet 16 as a double-digit seed while not playing in a major conference. We looked at the KenPom numbers for those 25 teams and calculated the average rank for the aforementioned efficiencies, along with adjusted tempo (AT)— also known as pace of play. Keep in mind that between 2001 and 2025, the number of teams in Division-I has hovered between 321 and 364.

• Adjusted offensive efficiency rank: 63.48 in Division-I
• Adjusted defensive efficiency rank: 79.76 in Division-I
• Adjusted efficiency margin rank: 55.08 in Division-I
• Adjusted tempo rank: 168.16 in Division-I

Possible Cinderella’s in this year’s tournament

So now that we’ve gone over several criteria that make up a Cinderella, we’ve identified a few possible candidates in this year’s tournament that fit the bill or come close to. 

10 New Mexico

• Record: 26-7 
• Duo: Donovan Dent (20.6 PPG, 6.4 APG), Nelly Junior Joseph (14.0 PG, 11.2 RPG)
• Conference tournament finish: lost to Boise State in semifinals of Mountain West Tournament
• KenPom ranks: ADE: 83rd, ADE: 20th, AEM: 43rd, AT: 4th
• Fact to know: Dent is the only player in Division-I averaging 20 PPG and 5 APG.

11 VCU

• Record: 28-6 
• Duo: Max Shulga (15.1 PPG, 5.9 RPG, 4.0 APG), Joe Bamisile (15.1 PPG, 5.1 RPG) 
• Conference tournament finish: won Atlantic 10 Tournament
• KenPom ranks: AOE: 45th, ADE: 24th, AEM: 31st, AT: 244th 
• Fact to know: VCU’s head coach is Ryan Odom, who was the head coach of UMBC in 2018 when they became the first 16 seed to win a tournament game.

11 Drake

• Record: 30-3
• Duo: Bennett Stirtz (19.1 PPG, 4.4  RPG, 5.7 APG), Daniel Abreau (10.4 PPG, 3.3 RPG)
• Conference tournament finish: won Missouri Valley Tournament
• KenPom ranks: AOE: 76th, ADE: 45th, AEM: 58th, AT: 364th
• Fact to know: despite losing Darian DeVries (two-time MVC Coach of the Year) and Tucker DeVries (two-time MVC Player of the Year) to West Virginia last year, Drake still went 30-3 under Ben McCollum— who won MVC Coach of the Year this season.

12 Colorado State

• Record: 25-9
• Duo: Nique Clifford (19.0 PPG, 9.7 RPG, 4.4 APG), Jalen Lake (11.1 PPG, 2.8 RPG)
• Conference tournament finish: won Mountain West Tournament
• KenPom ranks: AOE: 46th, ADE: 51st, AEM: 44, AT: 251st 
• Fact to know: Clifford is the only player in the tournament averaging 19 PPG, 9 RPG, 4 APG.

12 McNeese

• Record: 27-6
• Duo: Javohn Garcia (12.9 PPG, 3.5 RPG), Sincere Parker (12.1 PPG, 2.5 RPG) 
• Conference tournament finish: won Southland Tournament
• KenPom ranks: AOE: 63rd, ADE: 66th, AEM: 59th, AT: 283rd 
• Fact to know: McNeese won all of the individual Southland Conference awards— Will Wade (Coach of the Year), Garcia (Player of the Year), and Christian Shumate (Defensive Player of the Year).

12 Liberty

• Record: 28-6
• Duo: Taelon Peter (13.9 PPG, 4.1 RPG), Kaden Metheny (13.5 PPG, 2.9 RPG)
• Conference tournament finish: won Conference USA Tournament
• KenPom ranks: AOE: 77th, ADE: 48th, AEM: 60th, AT: 285th 
• Fact to know: Liberty is sixth in Division-I in three-point percentage, shooting 39% from beyond the arc.

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